Analysis of Hatha Yoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Investigation of Hatha Yoga - Essay Example Techniques Research alludes to the procedure of assortment, examination, and translation of information and data with the plan of taking care of a particular issue (Khan 132). This exploration, for example, targets addressing the inquiry on Yoga and how it is a scholarly and innovative procedure that influences the psychological, physical and otherworldly prosperity of a person. The examination is additionally subjective in light of the fact that it tries to investigate the idea of an issue. The initial step of this examination was detailing the exploration issue. This principally helps scientists in plainly illuminating what they need to accomplish from the examination. In this progression, the fundamental test was deciding the specific data that was significant data corresponding to the issue. This examination for the most part needs to reveal insight into the impact of Hatha Yoga on individuals genuinely, intellectually, and profoundly. The investigation populace for this explorat ion is fundamentally me and some other not many members whose interest were really auxiliary. This is on the grounds that generally the exploration includes adhering to online video guidance on Hatha Yoga activities and stances. The marvel in the exploration is the connection between Hatha Yoga and people intellectually, genuinely, and profoundly. The most utilized examination strategies, for this situation, are content investigation. Content investigation alludes to an examination method for quantitative, precise, and target investigation of the genuine substance and inside ideas of media. This technique was imperative to this examination since the majority of the information were gathered from an online video source (YouTube). The upside of the technique is that it can permit both quantitative and subjective examinations in this manner making it comprehensive. The other exploration strategy that is likely being used in this examination is a test research technique. Given that view ed the YouTube recordings and educated the activities and stance represented in them, the entire procedure can be alluded to as a test. In the wake of learning all the Hatha Yoga activities and stances the recognizable changes are brought to the record. The principle point is seeing how the exercises will influence me truly, intellectually, and profoundly. The outcomes got through this strategy are constantly viewed as profoundly sound since they depend on essential information and data (McBurney and White 101). The writing survey likewise framed a significant piece of this exploration. Since it includes a training that I was curious about previously, it was through the writing survey that I had the option to know the nuts and bolts, history, and significance of Hatha Yoga to human life. It was through the writing survey that it was conceivable to get explanation on certain ideas that were not explained in the online recordings. The writing audit was likewise profoundly significant in the assortment of data that was utilized in the interpretation of the research’s finding. The examination started with exploring writing materials about the historical backdrop of Yoga. The history was significant in understanding the basic ideas of Yoga and its motivation (Jackson 23).â â

Big Picture Questions Essay

1) The experience of domain for vanquished people groups was comprehensively comparative whoever their rulers were, Does the material in this section backing or challenge this thought? It supports and moves the plan to a limited degree. 2) In pondering the similitudes and contrasts among the realms of the early present day period, what classes of examination may be generally valuable to consider? 3) Have a glance at the maps in this section with an eye to the territories of the world that were not consolidated in a significant domain. Pick at least one of them and do a little research with respect to what was going on there in the cutting edge period. I picked the area of Borneo which is other than the Philippines. I accept the region more likely than not been driven by a domain who would not like to be over tossed by the greater realms, for example, Portuguese, French and English, so they would prefer not be associated with their exchange and different exercises. 4) Looking back: contrasted with the universe of the fifteenth century, what new examples of advancement are obvious in the realm building hundreds of years that followed? 1) To what degree did Europeans change before examples of business, and in what ways did they acclimatize into those more established examples? Europeans for the first worked on a worldwide scale, fashioning new exchange organizes over the Atlantic and Pacific seas They additionally encouraged the full incorporation of hide providing districts into more extensive exchange systems. However, in different ways the Europeans acclimatized more seasoned examples, as in the Indian Ocean, where they tried to command recently settled exchange courses, and they kept on exchanging a large number of similar items 2) How would it be advisable for us to appropriate the ethical obligation regarding the Atlantic Slave exchange? Is this a fitting errand for students of history? Indeed, this is a suitable assignment for students of history, however maybe the obligation ought to be dispensed by what locale an antiquarian is generally recognizable. 3) What enduring heritages of early present day globalization are obvious in the twenty-first century? Give specific consideration to the heritages of the slave exchange. 4) Looking back: Asians, Africans, and Native Americans experienced early present day European development in very various manners. In view of Chapters 13 and 14, by what means may you portray and clarify those distinction? In what regards would they say they were dynamic specialists in the recorded procedure instead of just survivors of European activities? Asians, Africans, and Native Americas were all survivors of European activities, yet in all in various structures. Africans were utilized as slaves and to their own comfort. Though, Natives were casualties in the structure that they were pushed out of their domains. Asians were undermined by the predominance of Europeans for two centuries. The English needed to ad lib on Christianity, however the Asians retaliated. In spite of the fact that, these societies were profoundly separated their traditions helped structure America today. For instance the Asians showed English men’s little girls to make benefit of their profit. Moreover, Native Americans showed the English how to gather and harvests. At long last the African Americans brought their traditions of nourishments and certain works.

St. Augustine Essay -- essays research papers

Holy person Augustine of Hippo Scholars, Biblical researchers and Christians everywhere throughout the world regularly grapple with two critical inquiries regarding their confidence. These inquiries are, "What is God like?" and "How should we live in light of God?" Some vibe that we need others to guide us, some vibe we need them to challenge us, yet everybody concurs that we need others. That is actually how Saint Augustine battles to discover his confidence and convictions. He discovered it amazingly hard to accompany an end when it was gazing at him straight in the face, however similarly as he did, we reach up our own inferences with the direction of others. Holy person Augustine, conceived Aurelis Augustinus, was a persuasive and extraordinary rationalist and scholar of early occasions. He was considered the most significant of the Latin Church Fathers. His compositions of lessons picked up popularity, outstandingly Confessions and his Treatise City of God. Through his work he recognized the congregation in Western Europe from the congregation that it had transformed somewhere else.      Saint Augustine was conceived on November 13, 354 AD in Tagaste, Numidia (current Nigeria). His dad, Patricius was an agnostic and his mom, Monica was a committed Christian who asked untiringly for her son’s change to turn into a Christian herself. His mom later turned out to be formally proclaimed by the Roman Catholic Church and turned into a holy person also. Because of his guardians blended convictions, St. Augustine addressed the two sides of re...

How to Make Your Own Personal Reflection Paper

How to Make Your Own Personal Reflection PaperThere are many effective ways for making your own personal reflection paper. Some of these ideas involve using a color that matches your wedding color scheme. For example, you may choose to use a bright blue or hot pink to match your wedding dress and veil. Or you may choose to use a deep purple as a main color for your personal reflection.If you are a bride who is looking for a few fun ideas to use on your personal reflection paper, you may want to think about using glitter. This is a favorite by many brides. It's often a great way to express your personality and make the paper seem like a beautiful piece of art. You can even add rhinestones to it to make it even more fancy.Another fun idea for your paper is to use some white crayons. Use them to create a bright eye-catching design on the back of the paper. You may choose to put a heart on the front of the paper to show that you are now a married couple. You may also want to add a little bow on the front to symbolize the new commitment you have made. Or you may choose to put a star that represents the two of you together on the front of the paper.In some romantic ways, you may wish to write a small poem on the back of the paper. This is perfect for a couple that likes to put a lot of thought into the paper. For example, you may want to write a love letter to each other. Or you may want to write a poem that talks about your feelings for each other. You may want to include a quote that reflects how much you love one another.In addition to this, you may also want to find a place where you can get card paper of your wedding colors. When you are using a white or cream color on the back of the paper, you may want to use white card paper on the front to highlight the wedding colors. You may also want to have a small selection of wedding cards to highlight your personal reflection paper.Once you are done with your personal reflection paper, you may wish to cut it out so th at you can put it in your jewelry box. Many brides keep a couple of pieces of their personal reflection paper in their jewelry box. When they are done with the gift, they can take it out to add a little drama to their jewelry box. This is a fun idea that you can utilize anytime you want. Plus, it is a very practical way to store your personal reflection paper when you don't need it.There are many creative ways to use your reflection paper. You may wish to consider using a different color or creating a flower design. You can also use your paper to accent your wedding decorations.

Analysis Of Angela Carter s The Bloody Chamber

IT’S NOT ABOUT THE SIZE, IT’S HOW YOU USE IT How short stories pack the perfect punch in promoting feminist ideals. â€Å"The limited trajectory of short narrative concentrates its meaning. Sign and sense can fuse to an extent impossible to achieve among the multiplying ambiguities of an extended narrative.† – Angela Carter Angela Carter is known in the literary community for her use of fairytales and overt sexual imagery in promoting feminist platforms. At the time she wrote â€Å"The Bloody Chamber†, the Second Wave of Feminism and, subsequently, the rise of radical-libertarian feminism were crashing into the forefront of the global politics. This wave of feminism primarily focused on the empowerment of women through the exploration of female sexual identity, the promotion of androgynous females as the ideal model for the modern woman, and the liberation of women from the patriarchal societal traditions established to keep women in their submissive gender role (Formizano). Angela Carter transforms the classic fairytale â€Å"Bluebeard† into a masterful portrait of fe male sexual liberation, empowerment through gender role reversal, and financial independence in â€Å"The Bloody Chamber†. A central dogma of feminism is the separation of female sexuality from the societal confines of reproduction. In â€Å"The Bloody Chamber†, the female protagonist is a seventeen-year-old virgin who goes on a journey of sexual self-actualization in her marriage to the Marquis. Throughout the narrative, we areShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Angela Carter s The Bloody Chamber 1756 Words   |  8 PagesMost of Angela Carter’s work revolves around democratic feminism and her representation of the patriarchal roles subjugated to women. (Evangelou, 2013) ‘The Bloody Chamber’ by Angela Carter suggests many substitutions to infamous depictions of femininity. Angela Carter manipulates old-fashioned fairy tales in order to subvert conformist gender roles like submissive wives and male dominance. (Makinen, 1992) While Carter receives commenda tion for her work, Patricia Duncker critiques her as well, forRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Bloody Chamber By Angela Carter1611 Words   |  7 PagesCarter Castrates Freud: Criticism in ‘The Bloody Chamber’ of Psychoanalytic Theory While Psychoanalysis has provided many psychological breakthroughs in the field of mental health, it has also created great issue in relation to gender equality. Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory has contributed to the solidification of female oppression, and to the inferior status of women in the twentieth century. Psychoanalysis had become so intwined into the constructs of a male dominated society that it createsRead MoreEssay on The Bloody Chamber by Angela Carter2054 Words   |  9 Pagesin Carter’s writing, particularly in her book ‘The Bloody Chamber’ which is commonly considered to be her masterwork, brimming with intertextualities and ambiguities. Some may find her work to be excessively violent or savage, perhaps even alienating. Yet others may have found this no-holds-barred approach to be exhilarating and refreshing in comparison to other authors of her time. In her re-writing of Perrault and Beaumont’s classic tales, Carter proposes a rea ding of several well-known stories withRead MoreFemale And Female Gender Roles3513 Words   |  15 Pagesdesires to be made eminent and therefore characters can transgress and in the process, cross their contemporary gender boundaries. Keats uses the gothic device of Negative capability in order to conceal the transgression of the females in his poetry, Carter revised gothic fairytales in order to display them from a feminist approach and Stoker uses gothic themes, set against the backdrop of the fluidity of Fin de sià ¨cle period, to allow characters to stray from their gender stereotypes. Victorian women

Cross Cultural Communication Strategy Between The Roaring...

Cross-Cultural Communication Strategy: The Roaring Dragon Hotel and Hotel International Prasanna Baganagarapu Sullivan University MGT 510 Executive Summary This proposal is meant to provide a cross-cultural communication strategy between the Roaring Dragon Hotel (RDH), and the Hotel International (HI). RDH is one of the original three-star hotels in southwest China and a state owned enterprise (Grainger, 2008). This proposal will address the issues that come when failing to recognize cultural differences. In addition, the proposal will address the importance of involving the employees in important management decisions. These recommendations will provide a win-win situation, thus a healthy work†¦show more content†¦163). In addition, Guanxi is â€Å"personal, reciprocal and more long-term oriented† (Yang, 2011, p. 164). RDH depended on their social connections when conducting business. In 2002, Paul Fortune, the HI general manager was assigned to take over RDH management. Fortune’s challenge was to transform laid-back family-based employees, into professional, dynamic employees working under an international organizational management style. Fortune’s goal was that within two years the local Chinese employees could be transformed to world-class hotel employees. He introduced a two month training to search for employees that could handle these changes (Grainger, 2008). The majority of the employees had hard time adapting to the much sophisticated management style, especially the older employees. Many employees with important guanxi resigned or transferred to other hotels. Moreover, along with this process RDH lost one of its important client, the travel agency Nu Fu, because of lack of cultural understanding. Overall, the new management disregarded the Chinese business culture, and lacked communication with its employees. Problem: Lack of Cultural Understanding The organization culture of RDH and HI were completely different. RDH’s organizational culture was constructed by guanxi. The employees did not have work professionalism and lacked discipline. They did not show any effort to beat competition.

Hrm Strategy for Expats free essay sample

Executive Summary This study highlights problems in the preparation and selection process and hopefully will provide a HR department with a HRM strategy for any company operating internationally to select and prepare staff for expatriate management roles. The companies that prepare and select their expats effectively come in many sizes and from a wide range of industries. Yet research has shown if they follow the below general practices; the chance of success outweighs the chances of failure considerably, †¢ Assign overseas posts to people whose technical skills are matched or exceeded by their cross cultural abilities. Screen candidates’ spouses and families †¢ End expatriate assignments with a deliberate repatriation process. However when failure occurs in the international business arena the human and financial costs of failure in particular, indirect costs such as loss of market share and damage to overseas customer relationships may often be linked to poor management of expatriates. Since most expatriates work under minimal supervision in a distant location, mistakes in selection are likely to go unnoticed until it is too late. To choose the correct employee for an internation assignment the organisations should train the expatriate to prepare for their life and work abroad. Lack of training is a major cause of expatriate failure and approaches for overseas preparation would include: †¢ Visits to the host country †¢ Briefing by host country managers †¢ In-house management programs (with a focus on cross cultural adaptability) †¢ Training in local negotiation techniques (training in team building and conflict resolution) †¢ Introduction to organizations that provide personal and professional support (i. e. AMCHAM, ANZCHAM, In Touch Foundation) By management analyzing and addressing these issues companies would end up with much more loyal, culturally rich and enthusiastic international employees even when the international assignment ends. Introduction In today’s global economy having a work force that is fluent in the ways of the world isn’t a luxury. Its a competitive necessity. But international assignments don’t come cheap and are not always a guaranteed success. This study will look into a comprehensive description of what would provide the best HRM strategy for a company operating internationally to select and prepare staff for expatriate management roles. Companies increasingly operate in an interconnected world, and as mentioned well qualified people remain a crucial source of sustainable competitive advantage. The growth of international business at a time when most international organisations are under increasing cost pressures had led these organisations to take a sharp look at their policies for employees transferring from one country to another – the expatriates. An understanding of the management of these expatriates is of growing importance to new HRM strategies in the preparation and selection phase due or a number of reasons. Recent years have seen rapid increases in global activity and global competition. As the Multinational companies increase in numbers and influence, so the role of the expatriates in those companies grows in significance. †¢ The effective recruitment, selection, training and management of expatriates internationally are increasingly being recognized as a major determinant of success or failu re in international business. †¢ It is increasingly recognized that the human and financial costs of failure in the international business arena – while not so common as ometimes argued are considerably more severe than in the domestic business. In particular, indirect costs such as loss of market share, demoralization and demotivation of local staff and damage to overseas customer relationships maybe considered. There is evidence that many companies underestimate the complex nature of HR problems involved in international operations and that business failures in the international arena may often be linked to poor management of expatriates Criteria for selection of Expatriate Managers Reach has shown that the main criteria for the selection process are based primarily on the following factors:- Job factors †¢ Cultural empathy, flexibility and adaptability to cultural change †¢ Spouses and dependents situation †¢ Independence and self-reliance †¢ Leadership ability †¢ Language training †¢ Age, experience and education †¢ Motivation for a foreign assignment †¢ Physical and emotional health When a company takes into consideration the above criteria in most cases the international assignment for the expat will be a rewarding experience both for the individual and the company, however selecting the wrong person for any job can lead to failure and cost the company money. But the stakes are higher for expatriate assignments. Global projects always require extra care in handling different cultures, politics and business practices. And critical to their success is sending the right people abroad. Thats why planning is critically important in creating a successful international assignment program. Managers and HR people should be looking for and grooming candidates before a need arises. Preparation and selection In its approach to preparation and selection, an organization considers both headquarters’ practices and those prevalent in the countries of its subsidiaries. The choice of employee for an international assignment is a critical decision. Since most expatriates work under minimal supervision in a distant location, mistakes in selection are likely to go unnoticed until it is too late. To choose the best employee for the job, management should: †¢ Emphasize cultural sensivity as a selection criterion †¢ Establish a selection board of expatriates (with qualified local and expat managers) †¢ Required previous international experience †¢ Explore the possibility of hiring foreign-born employees who can serve as â€Å"expatriates† at a future date †¢ Screen candidates’ spouses and families A successful expatriate must be able to both do the job and handle(the stresses and challenges of ) a new cultural environment. Hence, the expatriate must do his job competently, learn to live comfortably in a new culture, and ensure that his family adapts as well. The companies that prepare and select their expats effectively come in many sizes and from a wide range of industries. Research has found that they all follow the following general practice. †¢ They assign overseas posts to people whose technical skills are matched or exceeded by their cross cultural abilities. Companies that select expats wisely do not assume that the people who have succeeded at home will repeat that success abroad. They assign international posts to individuals who not only have the necessary technical skills but also have indicated that they would be likely to live comfortable in different cultures. †¢ They end expatriate assignments with a deliberate repatriation process. Most executives who oversee expat employee’s view their return home as a non-issue. The truth is, repatriation is a time of major upheaval, professionally and personally, for the expats. Companies that recognize this fact help their returning people by providing them with career guidance and enabling them to put their international experience to work. Sending the right people As mentioned before, technical skill is frequently the main reason that people are selected for open posts. But managers often send people who lack the ability to adjust to different customs, perspectives and business practices. In other words, they send people who are capable but (may be) culturally illiterate. Question should be how do you weed out people who perhaps are culturally illiterate? Investigating these cultural characteristics that make an expat successful research shows the following:- †¢ A drive to Communicate. Most expats will try to communicate with local people in their new country, but people who end up being successful in their jobs are those that don’t give up after early attempts either fail or embarrass them. (Critical skills are listening, empathy, validating, confirming and consensus building) †¢ Broad based Sociability. The tendency for many people posted overseas is to stick with a small circle of fellow expats (â€Å"Expat ghetto†). By contact, successful global managers establish social ties to the local residents, from shop keepers to government officials for insight into a local market and to learn to adjust to strange unfamiliar surroundings. †¢ Cultural Flexibility. It is human nature to gravitate towards the familiar – thats why many Americans overseas find themselves eating lunch at McDonalds. But the expat who add the most value to their company by staying the duration and being open are those willing to experiment with different customs. †¢ Cosmopolitan Orientation. Expats with a cosmopolitan mind-set intuitively understand that different cultural norms have value and meaning to those who practice them. †¢ A Collaborative Negotiation Style. When expats negotiate with foreigners, the potential for conflict is much higher than it is when they are dealing with compatriots. Different cultures can hold radically different expectations about the way negotiations should be conducted. Thus collaborative negotiation style, which can be important enough in business at home, becomes absolutely critical abroad. Family Screening and Preparation Another reason and probably the biggest single reason why expatriate assignments fail is due to the spouse and children. Ask accompanying expatriate spouses anywhere in the world to identify the most overwhelming loss they feel after moving abroad and identity will likely be the near-unanimous reply. Who am I? They ask themselves this question too often lying prone on a bed in a new, unfamiliar, and half-unpacked home, overcome by depression and unable to imagine the exotic life which lay beyond the bedroom door. The spouses adjustment is one of the secret links to making any international assignment a successful one for the entire family. Virtually every study that has examined the causes of overseas assignment success finds the same thing which family and spouse adjustment are the most important factors. Too often spouses needs are disregarded, and they are left to their own devices when it comes time to move. Parents largest worry is often centered on their childs adjustment. Children, and especially teens, may be confused and upset with the anticipated changes, and feel powerless, as they are usually not the ones making the decision to leave. Below depicts the typical normal morale curves felt by both the expatriate and spouse leading up to the move and his term overseas, source by (Farnham Castle Center for International Briefing 2004) Expatriate training Expatriates are more successful when their organizations train them to prepare for their life and work abroad. Lack of training is also a major cause of expatriate failure approaches for overseas preparation would include the following: †¢ Visits to the host country – A previsit to the work location may be arranged for the Employee, accompanying spouse and children. The previsit enables the family to become acquainted with the new environment as well as to arrange for practical matters such as housing, banking and schooling of children. †¢ Briefing by host country managers – To advise the employee on their local subsidiary business related strategies in their respective organizations so that employee understand the strategies and is eager to make a great contribution to achieve them. †¢ In-house management programs – Support with tools to understand and develop engagement capabilities, e. g. ffer 360 assessment tools based on the new competency framework. †¢ Training in local negotiation techniques – Techniques and skills that can be applied to numerous circumstances when preparing an effective strategy for negotiation. Cross-cultural understanding and local practices can be a major obstacle to the effectiveness of an employee moving to another country. The ability to relate quickly and effectively with collea gues and clients and of individual family members to settle happily in a new country makes a very important contribution to long term success. Probably, especially for new young expatriats the most important aspect of expatriate training is cross-cultural training (CCT). Such training prepares an expatriate to live and work in a different culture because coping with a new environment is much more challenging than dealing with a new job. Table 1, outlines some of the popular models covered ones and give a brief description of each. Table 1. Cross-cultural training methods |Cultural Briefings |Explaination of the major aspects of the host country culture, including customs, traditions, | | |everyday behaviors. |Area Briefings |Explaination of the history, geography, economy, politics and other general information about | | |the host country and region. | |Cases |Portray a real life situation in business or personal life to illustrate some aspect of living| | |or working in the host cu lture. | |Role Playing |Allows the expatriate to act out a situation that he or she might face in living or working in| | |the host country. |Culture Assimilator |A written set of situations that the expatriate might encounter in living or working in the | | |host country. | |Field Experiences |An opportunity for the expatriate to go to the host country or another unfamiliar culture to | | |experience living and working there for a short time. | International Staffing Philosophies Examining the current different types of international staffing philosophies, they can be catogised in three different brackets. Ethnocentric staffing approach Companies following the ethnocentric approach assume the home country approach is best and that employees from other parts of the world can and should follow it. Key Managerial positions are filled with people from headquarters – i. e. parent country nationals (PCNs) and home country practices prevail. Headquarters from the home country make key decisions, employees from the home country hold important jobs, and the subsidiaries follow the home country resource management practices. Additionally with this approach, the cultural values and business practices of the home country are predominant. The disadvantages of this approach would be: †¢ Lack of opportunities or development for local managers, thereby decreasing their morale and their loyalty to the subsidiary. †¢ Unfamiliarity, communication problems, may not adapt to foreign culture Polycentric staffing approach †¢ Local managers – host country managers (HCM’s) – are hired to fill key positions in their own country. Each subsidiary manages on a local basis. A local employee heads a subsidiary because headquarters’ managers are not considered to have adequate local knowledge. Subsidiaries usually develop human resource management practices locally. With this type of approach HCNs managers are familiar with the local culture, language, and ways of doing business, and they already have many contacts in place and it is usually less expensive than transferring personnel from headquarters, but it may encounter: †¢ Difficulties with coordinating activities and goals between the subsidiary and the parent company. †¢ Loyalty may be to host country, not to the parent company Geocentric (global) staffing approach The best managers are recruited from within or outside of the company, regardless of nationality. The company that applies the global integrated business strategy manages and staffs employees on a global basis. The geocentric approach, organizations try to combine the best from headquarters and the subsidiaries to develop consistent world-wide practices. Manager selection is based on competency rather than nationality. With this type of appr oach the policy provides a rich pool of qualified and willing applicants from which to choose, which, in time, results in further development of an international executive cadre. However it may also encounter problems when:- †¢ The employee’s country does not maintain a good relationship with the host country. †¢ Locals may prefer their own citizens in key positions As Figures 1 and 2 show, there are other advantages and disadvantages to using local nationals and expatriates in foreign subsidiaries. Figure 1. Advantages and disadvantages of using local employees to staff international subsidiaries (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 1995) Advantages |Disadvantages | |Lower labor costs |Makes it difficult to balance local demands and global | |Demonstrates trust in local citizenry |priorities | |Increases acceptance of the company by the local community |Leads to postponement of difficult local decisions until they| |Maximizes the number of options available in the local |are unavoidable, when they are more difficult, costly, and | |environment |painful than they would have been if implemented earlier | |Leads to recognition of the company as a legitimate |May make it difficult to recruit qualified personnel | |participant in the local economy |May reduce the amount of control exercised by headquarters | |Effectively represents local considerations and constraints| | |in the decision-making process | | Figure 2. Advantages and disadvantages of using expatriate employees to staff international subsidiaries (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, Cardy, 1995) Advantages |Disadvantages | |Cultural s imilarity with parent company ensures transfer of|Creates problems of adaptability to foreign environment and | |business/management practices |culture | |Permits closer control and coordination of international |Increases the  »foreigness « of the subsidiary | |subsidiaries |May involve high transfer and salary costs | |Gives employees a multinational orientation through May result in personal and family problems | |experience at parent company |Leads to high failure rate | |Establishes a pool of internationally experienced |Has disincentive effect on local-management morale and | |executives |motivation | | |May be subject to local government restrictions | Conclusion Most companies use expatriates only for such key positions as senior managers, high-level professionals, and technical specialists. Since expatriates tend to be very costly, it makes little financial sense to hire expatriates for positions that can be competently filled by foreign nationals. An effective preparation program prior to any move should remove some fear of the unknown and provide up to date knowledge and skills to assist assignees and their families to make a quicker and more effective contribution in their new role. It will almost certainly prevent the necessity of an early return with all its associated costs. Companies that have learnt how to reap the full value of international assignments share a conviction that sustained global growth rests on the shoulders of key individuals, particular those with proven international experience. Companies that manage their expatriation process successfully follow two main practices that make the assignments work from beginning to end. 1. They make sure their candidates have cross cultural skills to match their technical abilities and 2. They prepare people to make the transition back to their home countries. From the repatriate perspective there is a growing recognition that where companies are seen to deal unsympathetically with problems faced by expatriates on re-entry, managers will be more reluctant to accept the offer of international assignments. Many expatriates leave their company on return, with the consequent loss of investment and expertise. Yet while it is widely accepted that the costs of expatriate turnover are considerable, few firms’ have formal repatriation programs to assist managers and their families with repatriation difficulties Companies with an effective HRM selection, preparation and repatriation strategy will retain more loyal, enthusiastic and worldly wise employees even far beyond the ending of any international assignment. References Deresky, Helen. 2006, International Management. 5th Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Brewster, Chris. International HRM: Beyond expatriation. Human Resource Management Journal; 1997; Vol 7 No. 3 Black, Steward J and Gregersen, Hal B. Harvard Business Review March – April 1999 Mitchell, R. Terence, Holtom, C. Brooks, Lee, W. Thomas; How to keep your best employees: Developing an effective retention policy, Academy of Management Executive, 2001, Vol 15 No. 4 Farnham Castle Center for International Briefing 2004

Native American Historical and Political Development Essay Example

Native American Historical and Political Development Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Historical and Political Development specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Historical and Political Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Historical and Political Development specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Native American Historical and Political Development Native American pottery is a form of art that has existed for at least 700 centuries within the Americas. Pottery can be defined as any objects that are made of fired clay ceramics. Ceramics are commonly used as practical cooking vessels, serving and preservation vessels, burial urns, sculptures, musical instruments, ceremonial items, censers, and countless other art forms. Since they are resilient, ceramic items have been a vital source of information in learning more about Pre-Columbian indigenous cultures. The earliest ceramics discovered in the Americas were discovered in the lower Amazon Basin around the Caverna de Pedra Pintada areas that were dated back to about 5,000 years (Ferguson et al 13). Some of the shards at this location were tempered using mollusk shells that allowed the ceramics to be carbon dated. From the engravings, it was evident that the first ceramic-making cultures were shellfish-gatherers and fishers. Ceramics next surfaced across northern South America and then later in the western part of South America. As of this period (4530BCE), the primary purpose of ceramic objects was to store food (Ferguson et al 23). Historical background of pottery and ceramics The communities of Mesoamerica and South America were generally modern with the European Christian period. Both tribes were quickly eliminated by the Spanish invasion following on the journeys of discovery done by Columbus. The vanquishers instantly found themselves in disagreements with the native inhabitants. The clergy sought to convert people to Christianity, and they used less aggressive techniques entrenched in religion in order to destroy a whole culture gradually. The two principal empires, the Aztecs of Mesoamerica and the Incas of Peru exhibited agricultural activities and promoted architecture and art. The monuments discovered later were extremely extraordinary even though they were developed by highly primitive societies (Ferguson et al 21). Early Pre-Columbian Civilizations Several pre-Columbian societies existed over several periods, and they served to transmit the skill of pottery and that of making ceramics to the next generation, up to what it is today. Analyzing the lineage and progress of these communities from the past to the present will give more insight on their unique skills, artwork and cultural practices. The Chavin tribe that existed around 1400 to 300 BC was perhaps the most ancient tribe to exist in America (Schurr et al 177). Evidence of pottery and other crafts existed, but these were mostly limited to the temple galleries indicating that they held a religious significance. By 2000 BCE, pottery and ceramic making was popular in Central America, although modern techniques and machinery such as the potter’s wheel and glazing were not used. The two main methods of fashioning pots were to use bare hands or made inside molds and finished using fine polychrome (Ferguson et al 15). The Moche tribe that came up from 100-700 AD was more aggressive in their ceramics and pottery skills. Their pottery was immensely influential in illustrating different societal figures such as priests, lords and even warriors. Through these discovered pottery, most archeologists have been able to study the level of complexity of the Moche society. These artists engaged in documenting pre-Columbian accomplishments through realism and pictorials. There were even instances of erotic pottery. The Nazca tribe came up from 200to 800 AD to introduce aspects of color and complex designs to pottery in a fashion that contrasted the restrained styles typical of Moche ceramics (Schurr et al 178). The last regime to propagate the pottery tradition significantly was the Huari-Tiahuanaco hegemony that created pottery characterized by audacious designs, richer colors and solid constructions. This pottery style ultimately overshadowed the other earlier forms of pottery making to become the most domi nant type that spread throughout most of America. Many pre-Columbian civilizations set up permanent urban communities where they practiced agriculture and developed intricate societal hierarchies. The oldest mound complex in the Americas, the Watson Brake and other archaic sites were constructed by pre-ceramic societies. Throughout the various studies among different cultures and different periods, it is notable that each society had some pottery or ceramics that they created, especially in cases where the society was involved in agriculture. The Native Americans developed their own techniques of pottery and ceramics in a manner similar to that of other societies throughout the world. Many of the Native American communities used ceramics and pottery even before the Europeans first inhabited the Americas. While some hunter-gatherer tribes did not delve so much into this unique pottery, the communities that engaged in farming had various uses for the Native American ceramics (Ferguson et al 67). As the Native Americans were relocated across the continent by Europeans, they were able to transport their Native American ceramics on the journey. Many of the communities ultimately appeared to have lost their indigenous pottery as they were pressed further away from their initial native regions. The southwestern Indians were the most advantageous group in that they were able to salvage most of their artwork including pottery and other ceramics. Some of their striking ceramic works comprised of wedding vases with double spouts and other colorful ceramics that had distinctive designs. Various communities had their own techniques and patterns of creating the Native American ceramics (Fash Luja?n 18). Some of the methods including kiln firing the pottery but almost each community had its own unique pattern and method of finishing the ceramics (Ferguson et al 34). The common aspect among all the communities was that their ceramics were all hand made. Even presently, the few existing Native Americans still hold the ability to create ceramics using their skillful hands. Most of these artists have become very famous, as their works on Native American culture have been displayed in famous galleries and shows. Therefore, while most indigenous Indians lost their land during the relocation process, they were still able to preserve much of their traditions and skills including Native American pottery (Kampen-O’Riley 37). The decorative ceramic ornaments and other pottery items carried with them a vast amount of knowledge on the social and religious values within the pre-Columbian societies. These people had transcended from the essential subsistence life into complex and creative groups within the harsh life of the wildness. These pre-Columbian societies held some of the initial sources of early inventiveness, imagination, and functionality. Apart from religious and social significance, the ceramics and pottery were very important in running the economy through trading activities and negotiation sessions among communities (Ferguson et al 345). Colonization of the New World and loss of Pre-Columbian Culture Pottery and other works of art largely disappeared after the entry of Europeans into Native America. The loss of a larger part of the Western hemisphere led to several administrative, physical and cultural changes for the Native Americans who inhabited the land. The religious and cultural arrogance exhibited by the Europeans was largely to blame for the great disappearance of most elements of pre-Columbian cultures (Kampen-O’Riley 22). Settlers who inhabited the Americas failed to see anything of value in pre-Columbian America and instead sought to impose their own traditions, cultures and norms onto the natives. This was a major cause of the loss of cultural practices such as pottery. Concerning the loss of cultural elements among the Native Americans, Europeans played a major role in ensuring they were eliminated from any historical records. Through their own cultural arrogance, Europeans were able to dismiss the historical existence of Native Americans as being recreated and falsified. To that extent, they considered these natives as having lived in an unhistorical state. Disease outbreaks were another major cause of cultural loss (Bulmer-Thomas et al 18). While Europeans were used to keeping their livestock in close quarters, the Native Americans quickly contracted and died from epidemics and this thinned out the number of artists that could pass on the tradition of making ceramics and other similar products (Ferguson et al 11). Significance of Ceramics and Pottery Religious importance When evaluating non-western art, it is imperative to bear in mind that the objects being viewed were created for exceptionally precise functions. While art professionals normally discuss these works of art in terms of strictly aesthetics, at a stage, it becomes necessary to comprehend the significance of the works of art to the communities who created them (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 16). Almost without exemption, Pre-Columbian art has a heavy religious significance naturally. The ceramics and pottery that have been conserved were mostly temple architecture and items, burial art, and artifacts from sports events that were ultimately religious. Ordinarily, placing ethnographic objects in an inert museum environment makes people forget their original utilities. The Maya sculptor who cautiously molded away on a lump of clay to create a figure did not expect it to be locked away in an art gallery. When people assess these artifacts, detached from their intended place and time, they conclude that they lacked religious significance. Ancient religious occurrences can only be inferred from archaeological materials (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 15). Several clay sculptures discovered in graves may offer little or no proof that they were relevant in religious occasions during the Pre-Classic periods of Ticoman and Zacatenco. It is likely, though, that baked earth figures of females were supposed to symbolize an agricultural idol, a deity of the crops. Two-headed clay figurines unearthed at Tlatilco had a high likelihood of depicting a paranormal being. The same conclusion can be said of the clay idols of a fire god shaped as an old man. The pyramid of Cuicuilco near Mexico is one of the most fascinating monuments that may also have religious meaning. The monument illustrated the main aspects of the Mexican pyramids and this made it seem likely to be a religious shrine, signified by a temple erected on the platform and enclosed by tombs (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 11). Such architecture would have obviously been supervised and organized by several priests. An example is the preoccupation with the afterlife and death itself. Therefore, the ceramics developed by the societies included skulls and devil figurines signified religious activities using these ceramics. The religious significance of pre-Columbian ceramics, that is presently accepted, was initially misinterpreted. In fact, their secular value was the main criteria used when assessing them and this made most of them fail the value test. For many years, Mexican cultivators had been discovering antique ceramic pots and other physical artifacts while cultivating their farms. In the past, collectors considered them useless and even amusing. Because of the low monetary value, they were usually destroyed and discarded. Ordinary household uses Among Pre-Columbian tribes, the vessels used by most households were mainly made of earthenware. These vessels were created in various traditional forms, including globular, ovoid, and cylindrical and double-chambered forms with diverse handles and spouts. These artifacts were used as household utensils, funerary objects, cooking pots, and ritual objects and water jugs. Their form, purpose, and embellishment differentiated the vessels amongst pre-Columbian communities. Zoomorphic and anthropomorphic vessels naturally suggested ritual and funerary use were decorated by more unique and complicated adornments than household earthenware. Although many cultures borrow different elements from each other, each culture developed their vessels having their own particulars and iconography. While most artifacts can be easily categorized as having religious or household significance, some are more difficult to place. Stirrup spout vessels were the main ceramics used that consisted of a handle, and a spout. The immense numbers of existing stirrup spout vessels were suspected to be necessary for funerary purposes. However, the evidence of the wear and tear pointed towards utilitarian purposes within the household (Young-Sa?nchez Denise 24). Conclusion The Pre-Columbian era was marked with a significant contribution by several tribes to the archeological pool that mainly concentrated on ceramics and pottery. The lack of proper writing systems among Pre-Columbian cultures prompted the development of pottery and ceramics as a channel through which history could be recorded. Through these artifacts, the tribes could express and transfer their knowledge to the rest of the world surrounding astronomy, philosophy, cosmology and even religion. The political influences that interfered with the development of these civilizations may have been inconsiderate and unfair but their actions were crucial in dispersing these cultures to different parts of the world where they would have otherwise not reached. Work Cited Bulmer-Thomas, V, John H. Coatsworth, and Conde R. Corte?s. The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print. Fash, William L, Luja?n L. Lo?pez. The Art of Urbanism: How Mesoamerican Kingdoms Represented Themselves in Architecture and Imagery. Washington, D.C: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2009. Print. Ferguson, Jeffrey R.; Siegel, Peter E.; Descantes, Christophe; Glascock, Michael D. Pre-Columbian Pottery in the West Indies: Compositional Change in Context. Journal of Caribbean Archeology. 2008. Kampen-O’Riley, Michael. Art Beyond the West: The Arts of Africa, India and Southeast Asia, China, Japan and Korea, the Pacific, and the Americas. New York: H.N. Abrams, 2002. Print. Schurr, Theodore G. Coastal Waves and Island Hopping: A Genetic View of Caribbean Prehistory and New World Colonization. Island Shores, Distant Pasts: Archaeological and Biological Approaches to the Pre-Columbian Settlement of the Caribbean. 2010: 177-197. Print Young-Sa?nchez, Margaret, Denise P. Schaan. Marajo?: Ancient Ceramics from the Mouth of the Amazon. Denver, CO: Mayer Center for Pre-Columbian Spanish Colonial Art at the Denver Art Museum, 2011. Print.

The Monarchs Royal Assent

The Monarchs Royal Assent In Canada, royal assent is the symbolic final stage of the legislative process by which a bill becomes law.   History of Royal Assent The  Constitution Act of 1867 established that the approval of the Crown, signified by royal assent, is required for any bill to become law after passage by both the Senate and the House of Commons, which are the two chambers of Parliament. Royal assent is the final stage of the legislative process, and it is this assent that transforms a bill passed by both Houses of Parliament into law. Once royal assent has been given to a bill, it becomes an Act of Parliament and part of the law of Canada. In addition to being a required part of the legislative process, royal assent has strong symbolic significance in Canada. This is because royal assent signifies the coming together of the three constitutional elements of Parliament: the House of Commons, the Senate and the Crown.   The Royal Assent Process Royal assent may be given through a written procedure or through a  traditional ceremony, in which Members of the House of Commons join their colleagues in the Senate chamber. In the traditional royal assent ceremony, a representative of the   Crown, either the  governor-general of Canada  or a  Supreme Court justice, enters the Senate chamber, where the senators are in their seats. The  Usher of the Black Rod  summons members of the House of Commons to the Senate chamber, and members of both houses of Parliament witness that Canadians wish the bill to become law. This traditional ceremony must be used at least two times per year. The representative of the sovereign consents to the enactment of a bill  by nodding his or her head. Once this royal assent is officially given, the bill has the force of law, unless it contains another date on which it will go into effect. The bill itself is sent to Government House to be signed. Once signed, the original bill is returned to the Senate, where it is put into the archives.

Open topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open topic - Essay Example This paper argues for morality of current laws that allows for abortion. Deontology ethics offers one of the bases for evaluating morality of abortion. According to the ethics, an act is moral if it is consistent with existing rules in a society and this means that reviewing such rules as the constitution are fundamental to understanding morality of abortion. Important to the abortion debate is the constitutional provisions for human rights and its protection thereof from contravening legislations. The Ninth Amendment of the constitution provides that citizens’ rights are supreme and no law can be made to create some rights that can infringe the former category of rights. Examples of the protected righst are rights to privacy and autonomy in decision-making. Pregnancy issues meet the privacy definition and should remain at a woman’s description, subject to the existing laws. Further, the same laws provide that such a right is supreme, no law should be made to contravene it, and this means that calls for illegalization contravene deontology ethics. While some people may argue that the defined rights in the Ninth Amendment also protect the fetus, such arguments can only be valid if the same constitution offered definition of fetus and provided for its rights. The Fourteenth Amendment however offers a solution to this problem through its definition of people who are entitled to rights under the constitution. One of its provisions is the phrase that ‘people who are born or are naturalized in the United States’ and this does not include fetus because it is not yet born. Consequently, the constitution, as an element of existing laws, protects a woman’s decision to have or not to have an abortion and arguments against such a position is Deontologically unethical (University of Minnesota 1). A person also has right to private property and this rationale grants a woman the right over her body and her body parts. The fetus is considerabl y part of a woman’s body as long as it is in her womb and this means that the woman has right over decisions affecting the fetus because of privacy and autonomy principles (University of California 1). Utilitarian approach to morality on abortion also guides the debate on whether abortion is moral and should be legalized or not. According to utilitarian ethics, an actor is moral if it offers net benefits to a majority of members of the society and immoral if its net effects are harmful to most of the involved stakeholders. Considering the case of an unwanted pregnancy, the child, the mother, and people in the environment are the involved stakeholders. An abortion terminates the child’s life but meets the interest of the expectant woman and the immediate society that already considers the child as unwanted. Forcing the woman to have the pregnancy however exposes her to rejection and rejection of the child that the woman may also reject and this leads to psychological ha rm to all the stakeholders. In such a case therefore, allowing for abortion benefits the expectant woman and the society while not allowing abortion identifies harm for all the stakeholders. Abortion would therefore be moral. The fetus is also not yet a human being and this means that it lacks feelings. Consequently, no harm can be attributed to abortion with respect to the fetus as a victim. This further means that a woman’s interest is important in an abortion case and the abortion should be legal

Strategic Planning Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Planning - Assignment Example It is based on this knowledge that a health care organization may decide on the best approach to use, in competing with their competitors. Another type of competitor identified by Moseley are potential competitors. These are companies that are operating in other industries, but they are showing a high likelihood of wanting to invest in the health care industry. These are always referred to as new entrants (Zuckerman, 2012). It is important to explain that investing in the health care industry is a very costly process, and on this basis, new entrants are normally business organizations that have the capability of raising the necessary capital. Furthermore, it is important to explain that new entrants could be firms operating the same line of business, but operating in a different geographical location (Harrison, 2010). Other possible new entrants include organizations that offer related services, suppliers who are interested in integrating forward in the chain, with the intention of forming a hospital organization, organizations that seek to diversify their portfolios, because of increased competition, etc. Another type of competitors is indirect competitors. These are health care institutions that offer substitute products. It is important to explain that this is competition, because these organizations have the capability of satisfying the customers of a health organization, in a similar manner, as the organization under consideration (Stahl, 2004). In gathering data, concerning the threats that direct competitors pose, there is a need of carrying out market research, through surveys, and observations. Surveys would enable the health care organization to collect data, based on the quality of service it offers, in comparison to the quality of service offered by its competitors. This type of information is very important because it

Chevrolet Case Analysis Essay Example for Free

Chevrolet Case Analysis Essay Then: ​ In the beginning, Chevrolet positioned itself strongly as a theme of â€Å"quality vehicle with deep roots in America’s past. Priding themselves on the traditional representation of the sporty car brand, Chevrolet has made great strides over the years. Firmly entrenching the brand as a key part of the American culture, Chevrolet has made many attempts to associate with American sporting events. For example, Chevrolet sponsored the All ­American Soap Box Derby for a decade. In addition to sponsoring events, Chevrolet also sponsored drivers with their vehicles for racing circuits such as NASCAR. Another subcategory Chevrolet used along with the American theme was patriotism in its promotional aspects. Taglines with the phrases â€Å"America’s Best Seller,† â€Å"America’s Best Buy,† and â€Å"Like a Rock,† were all famous for reminding consumers about Chevy’s great history as an American leader for automaking. This was perhaps the biggest aspect of Chevrolet’s branding as a company in the United States. However, when it came to Chevrolet as a leading automaker overseas, four values represented the company to their foreign consumers: durability, value, practicability, and friendliness. Many of their various taglines surrounding these values create  strong brand cohesiveness. Although Chevrolet has adopted more of a global brand strategy, it still customizes its branding to appeal to certain markets. Now: ​ Currently, Chevrolet is making plans to launch new vehicles and continue advertising and promoting their brand to consumers. Despite the recall at the beginning of the 2014 year, according to Chevrolet’s marketing leaders,â€Å"the automaker is not spending more on advertising or incentives than previously   budgeted and isnt likely to change that strategy† (â€Å"GM Stick with Marketing Plan Despite Recall†Ã‚ ­ USA Today). The plan is to focus on the product and not the publicity of trying to defend themselves as a company. Therefore, there will not be a recall ad and instead there will be just ads showing new products introduced recently. As stated before, Chevrolet is looking to spend more marketing money and energy on its full ­size pickups and SUVs this year. On the other side, Chevrolet is using the NFL Superbowl in hopes to boost not only national but global awareness with its ads. Chevrolet continues to also sponsor sports with â€Å"​  Chevrolets jersey sponsorship with English soccer club Manchester Unitedwill put the Chevrolet bowtie logo in front of the clubs worldwide fan base of some 700 million people..† (â€Å"Audi, Chevy and Lincoln Plan to Boost Ad Spending in 2015†  ­ AdAge)​ . Chevrolet’s current marketing innovations regarding technology with 4G LTE in its vehicles also proves that Chevrolet plans to remain relevant with consumer wants and needs. The GMC Problem Chevrolet’s biggest problem is in fact it’s biggest company supporter, GMC. GM is the starting point for Chevrolet, yet it has been not once but twice in a position that jeopardizes the equity of the Chevrolet brand. GMC is the problem for Chevrolet because of their bad publicity regarding the 2008 bailout and 2014 recall crisis thus far. As mentioned before, Chevrolet’s association and alliance with GMC causes them to have a bad reputation at times, even with Chevrolet’s freedom to stand on   its own as a brand. In the case of GM, the company’s bankruptcy and subsequent bailout had the ability to contaminate its four brands of vehicles, in spite of their individual merits. Therefore, Chevrolet has to figure out how they are going to deal with the bad publicity domino effect that falls upon them every time GM fails. Recommendations Even with a company as successful as Chevrolet, there is always room for improvement. Tactical modifications that can be made to enhance the Chevrolet brand’s equity to remain substantial while in alliance with GM could be examples of: brand decisions to enhance self ­image and product loyalty, increasing brand value from recognition and preference to brand  insistence for their products, and focusing slightly on marketing strategies for ethical and social responsibility if they continue to be a part of GM. Chevrolet is a high quality brand nonetheless, however, they focus on American vehicle tradition where they could take a step back and focus on the consumer. If Chevrolet would reposition a few of their vehicles to show how it would enhance the self ­image of the consumer driving a sporty yet luxurious car, there is a possibility they will get great feedback in sales. Consumers currently are looking for mass customization products that can be used on every level of purchasing decisions. Therefore, it would a smart move for Chevrolet to focus on the consumer even more as the â€Å"person behind the car† (â€Å"man behind the mask†), while still including valuable information about the car itself.

Mental Illness Essay -- Psychology Mentally Sick Essays

Mental Illness Mental illness is an issue that hits extremely close to home. Both of my uncles on my fathers side developed schizophrenia in their 20’s. One of them, upon being diagnosed, committed suicide. This happened before I was born, but the fall-out is still visible in my family. The other now lives in a home for those with mental illness. He is on medication, which helps with many of the symptoms, and has been an important pillar in my life. There is a fair chance that either my brother or I may contract schizophrenia, and for these reasons, mental illness will always be a large part of my life. I say this, not to arouse pity, but simply to make a point that no matter where you stand on mental illness, chances are that you or someone close to you will endure some type of mental illness. We are all responsible to aid those who are in need of it, and the way we respond to the call will define us as human beings. Definition A concise definition or idea of mental illness is fairly difficultly obtainable. Mental illness covers an extremely wide range of cases, symptoms and patients, which makes a cumulative definition hard without leaving out many main areas. A definition of mental illness is further impeded by taking into account the personal subjective ness of a mental illness (eg: some may view homosexuality as a mental illness). One of the more inclusive definitions describes mental illness as: â€Å"A pathological state of mind producing clinically significant psychological or physiological symptoms (distress) together with impairment in one or more major areas of functioning (disability) wherein improvement can reasonably be anticipated with therapy. In addition, for the purpose of definition only, mental illness includes alcoholism, and drug abuse and other controlled substance (drug) abuse.† The Individual The above definition misses much of the individual experiences of mental illness. Mental illnesses will disrupt a person’s feelings and emotions, the way they think and view their surrounds, and their moods. Mental illnesses will also affect a person’s ability to communicate and relate to others. Although symptoms and diagnosis of mental illnesses are fairly well known and classified into separate afflictions, the causes are less understood. In many ways the cause of mental illness boils down to a debate of nurture vs. nature: whether... ...d that is the saddest fact of all.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ideally, our society should be there to help those with mental illnesses. We should treat these people with the same respect and dignity that we would treat any other person. The article makes a point of telling us that we should start to see these people the same way we would see someone with a different physical affliction, like a broken leg, or measles. We should help these people when they need it, but let them help themselves, and maintain a sense of independence. We would let them know that we are here to help, but not overstep our boundaries. We would breakdown stereotypes and stigmas that tell us that mental illness is a danger, or is something to be ashamed of. Closing Mental illness is not something that is going to magically disappear. It has been with us for centuries, and we must learn to embrace is as another part of human society. Until we can do so, our society will be drastically flawed. The world we live in is home to people that come from all different situations and circumstances. If we are unable to treat people with basic respect and accept them for who they are, then I ask you; who is really crazy?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Disability and Education Disabled People Essay

Legal definition: * â€Å"The term â€Å"disabled person† means any person unable to ensure by himself or herself, wholly or partly, the necessities of a normal individual and/or social life, as a result of deficiency, either congenital or not, in his or her physical or mental capabilities†. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986 * â€Å"A condition that in some way hampers or hinders a person in terms of their ability to carry out day to day activities†¦general range of disabilities varies from conditions that are mild (for example, the need to wear reading glasses) to severe (for example, some forms of brain injury).† Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library, Social Definitions: * A disabled person is someone who is not able to do things that â€Å"normal† people can do. They have limited capabilities, which restrict the way they live their life. * According to ABS, in 2003, New South Wales had 591800 males and 598800 females that were reported with a disability whether it is severe, moderate or mild. Characteristics Mobility problems or Wheelchair bound Sensory (blind, deaf, mute), intellectual, physical or psychological disability Temporary or Permanent disability May have personal carer Uses specialised equipment to assist with basic duties eg. Elevators, ramps and disabled parking etc. Specific needs (in priority order) Health-As a disabled person they are inclined to have more frequent trips to the local doctors/hospitals depending on their disability. Some disabilities may need medication to keep well and therefore may need adequate and affordable medication costs. Access to services-Disabled people needs access to services such as doctors, facilities, support services and other requires facilities. As a disabled person you want to have the right to access services as they gain more independence. For example a person wheelchair, they may need a car that is wheelchair accessible. Financial support- Most disabled people need ongoing support and treatment from local care centres they can be very money consuming, depending on the severity of the disability. E.g. a quadriplegic is unable to work and cannot financial support themselves and rely heavily on government funding and family income Self esteem- Disabled people are normal people and should be treated no differently. But usually a disabled person self esteem is allot lower than an able person as they feel they fit in society as they do things differently to able people. But disabled people within society are encouraged and treated as though they are normal so they don’t feel alienates or they don’t feel they belong. Sense of identity – It is important that disabled people know that they should be themselves and not treated any differently. If a disabled person feels they don’t fit in, they may try to change who they are and act like someone they aren’t. Safety and security-Safety and security are a need that is required by the disabled on account of their emotional wellbeing. Without their sense of safety and security the emotional wellbeing of the disabled person will be quite short because they feel quite weak to the other members in society. If the disabled person is in secure and safe environment and atmosphere they will grow in confidence and be more active in the community. Housing – Housing is a important need for the disabled community because without shelter and protection they are unable to recover sooner. It is important as well that a disabled person has modifications to their household to allow ease in movement and to apply assistance when they are alone which allows the disabled person to be more independent and confident. Education-Education is needed for the disabled community to ensure that they have knowledge about their disability. The earlier they are educated the greater time there is to enhance their physical and intellectual skills. Without the source of education they will be unable to exist in the communities and feel lost therefore isolate them. With education disabled people will improve their skills and find their place in society. It may be needed that disabled children will have to attend specialised school to suit their condition Employment- For the disabled it is a struggle to get secure and permanent work. This is because they are incapable of doing certain activities, which may be required of them when working, in saying this employer may find that there are other people that will suit the job better and reject their application to work. Equal chance of employment is a need for the disabled because they can gain money to assist with paying their specialised equipment and basic needs. Government policies and regulations The disabled is a group in society with are more likely more disadvantaged and less fortunate that other members within society, Government policies and regulations have be brought up in order to assist them in feeling apart of communities and less discrimination towards them this also helps them to enhance their independence and rights. Some of these following government policies and regulations show that they are unable to be discriminated against and have the same rights as any other individual. Disability Discrimination Act 1988-Businesses are obliged to cater for the disabled by providing disability facilities such as wheelchair ramps, hand rails along stairways, disabled toilets and lifts. Disability Discrimination Act 1992 –Protects against discrimination due to a disability, diseases or illnesses. The same opportunities must be available to all when accessing services. They gains rights to accommodation, employment, education The Disability Services Act 1986 (Cth)-Legalizes Federal Government funding of States and appropriate organisations in relation to the terms of disability employment services and other adequate and still suitable services. The Disability Services Act 1993 (NSW)-Legalises the funding of qualified organisations to provide disability services and regulates NSW Government provision of disability services. NSW Department of Ageing, Disability and Home Care (DADHC) –10 Disability Services have adopted standards to assist service providers to meet these objects, principles and applications of principles. This supports disabled people with services such as Post School Program, Accommodation, Community Support Teams and also Respite Care. The Community Services (Complaints, Appeals and Monitoring) Act 1993 (NSW)-Talks on the NSW Ombudsman general functions in relation to monitoring and review of disability services and it allow complaints regarding disability services to be made to the Ombudsman. Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act 1986-A person is qualified for the Disability Support Pension if their disability, whether it be physical, intellectual or psychiatric impairment, stops them from working. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities- Having the right to education, sufficient standard of living, employment and standard of health. Community responsibilities As a community they have the responsibility to make disabled people feel welcomed, accepted and ad though they are no different to an able person within society. It is considered as a respectable action for the community to support the disabled people within their community and encourage them with their involvement in society, so that they feel they are no different. Within communities there are a few charities that recognize disabled people and as a community they try to raise money to help fund the disabled, so they can have the best possible living. For example raising money to help them adjust their way of living, e.g. housing or community. Also the council and RTA provide access to buildings with things such as putting in ramps, elevators and disabled parking, which shows how communities are taking the responsibility for disabled people within their community. Other ways communities can take responsibility to raise awareness it encourage all communities to not discriminate against disabled people, they can also help create a supportive environment for the disabled people within the group/ community Rights of the group Disabled people are significantly disadvantaged in society, but yet they are still human and they still have rights of their own. Usually the rights to disabled people they right are very similar to any individual within society and have equal rights, its just that due to some of their condidtion that have specific need that assist them to becoming part of their community, for example have ramps to access specific places. Disabled people have a right to: * Be employed and educated without being discriminated against their condition * Have housing and accommodation that allows them to feel safe and secure and additionally move with ease regardless of their disability * Gain respect and dignity, especially to be protected against discrimination * Have assistance from carers, nurses, friends and people so that they are able to help them care for themselves * Have access financial assistance. For example: Centrelink or other supporting government policies and pensions. * Have medical assistance giving them the professional and specialised treatment for their condition. * The same rights as people who don’t have a disability so that they are able to live life as normally as possible Access to resources The disabled have many factors, which can affect their access to resources. The three main factors include disability, socioeconomic status, location and also education; all these factors can have a positive and negative impact on the disabled person’s well-being. Disability- Disabled people are usually on pensions and are financially supported. The one main problem that disabled people have is their accessibility to transport systems as their is less disabled people to able people. But yet they are trying to help make accessibility for disabled people more know as they have started including wheelchair buses, wheel chair taxis and disabled parking for the some types of disabilities they are unable to walk for extensive amounts of time and putting the disabled parking as close as possible helps the disabled accessibility to services/groups better. Socioeconomic status- As disabled people they usually have a lower income as they are also paying for other specific needs that able people don’t have. Many disabled people rely on their family’s income and also the government. They rely on the government for payments from centre link and pensions. Many people do not have access to private health insurance rely on the funding of centrelink. Location- depending on the location you have as a disabled person the access to resources is very much so dependent on your location. See rural communities don’t have many support services as they are usually over a large area and accessing services there is already hard enough for them. And within urban areas they have ramps, rails and disabled parking to help disabled people access service/ resources, unlike rural area which are limited. Education- education for disabled people is very dependent on the severity of the disability. See if you as a disabled person don’t know how serve your disability is you are unable to know what needs to be done. As a disabled person you need to know exactly what your disability is and how it can be treated. Diagnosing the problem is a lot easier due to the education in technology and the communication is improved due to internet and mobiles. Societal attitudes towards the group Society has many different views and perceptions when it comes to recognizing the disabled community. Disabled people are looked upon as weak physically, mentally and are sympathised by society. Some groups in society are all for disabled people and want to support them and intend to help them live a ‘normal’ life as much as possible as they can feel they are mp different to any able person. On the other hand others feel that disabled people are extremely disgusting and should not be seen until cured. Little do these people who look down upon disability by doing this they are isolating them from society and they are affecting them emotionally but discriminating against them they are lowering the confidence in believing they are ‘normal human beings’. Members in society may find that disabled people are extremely disadvantaged as they are vulnerable and dependant on the carers that assists them with help with basic duties and responsibilities. These carers dedicate the time and energy to give their up most energy and care for the disabled people. Sometimes/Most of the time their carers are usually their relatives or friends. Furthermore the carer is there to assist to fulfil the basic needs and capabilities that a disabled person may not be able to do, for example preparing food/ feeding themselves, walking, showering ect. As they are unable to do a wide range of ‘normal’ functions. Society perceives the disabled as to be less privileged. Another type of attitude and perception society may have with the disabled is the idea that the they are considered to be classified as a lower class because they have no ability to perform basic skills and attitudes due to their type of condition. Also disabled people are given names labels for example ‘crippled’, ‘handicapped’ and ‘invalids’. Labels like these cause society to have a negative perception on the disabled community and its also a stereotype of how disabled people are, and they don’t taking into the consideration that not all people are extremely/severely disabled. Society feels they must pity and sympathise the disabled people as they are given charities from the generous people who feel sorry for them. Disabled people do not want to feel like that are any different to a normal human being but society without know excludes them but putting them in the spot light the complete opposite and pushing them aside because they are ‘Crippled’. Issues of concern for the Disabled As a disabled person concerns of the group are feeling safe and secure within their community, belonging, and self-esteem. It is greatly concerned as it creates negative mind sets and can cause other illnesses. Other concerns are things such as; * Discrimination toward the disabled. Discriminatory acts towards disabled people can be a large concern to the group as they can be pushed aside and their self esteem will decrease and can make them feel ‘not normal’. * The way they are seen within society. This is a major concern as the disabled community have equal rights to any able person. The way disable people are seen is very important as educating people to not discriminate is also vital. * Their environment. This is a major concern to not the able people of the community but the disable people within it, for the very reason the environment in different ways is important to the disable as they may need things such as; ramps, rails, elevators or things such as a supportive environment, support services ect. * How they feel is a big concern as they also are the same as normal human beings are have lower esteems as they feel different and excluded from society because of their disabilities Conflict between the group and community interests When the needs of a disabled person are not met, this can begin conflict to occur within the community. Disabled people are discriminated, as to society they are not seen as ‘normal’ but instead are ‘invalid’ and just a waste of space. Employment- If a disabled person is always off work, they may be asked to quit so they can take care of themselves. Some employers discriminate against disabled people and do not hire them; however, under the Disability discrimination act (1995), an employer cannot fire or not employ someone because they are disabled. Employers are to treat a disabled employee like they would treat the other employees. Self esteem- When in public, many people stare at someone who is disabled. A disabled person can feel embarrassed or upset as they feel they are an outcast to the society, as they don’t fir in the ‘normal’ people. This can cause low self esteem, especially if you are temporarily disabled. If you have any hope at recovering, you may feel you’re not worth continuing on in life. Safety and security- Some people see disabled people as easy targets to abuse, as they cannot run, scream or see the attacker. They are vulnerable and can easy be abused by someone they know or even when alone in public. It is important that someone who is disabled feels as though they are independent and if they feel they are at risk to tell someone they trust. Power within the group and the community Disabled people within society are seen as not as important but the disabled community have tried to get their name out they create fundraising within their community to raise awareness and to get others educated about disabilities. The disabled offer to the community by; * They show how lucky people are and how great their ways are living are compared to some disabled people who cannot do day to day things. * They create a sense of community.   * It creates perspective in communities as it can open up people eyes to how disabled people really are. Positive contributions the group makes to the community Disabled people despite their disadvantages they are able to bring positive contributions in society as well. These positive contributions could be; contributing to the workforce and educating other on the lifestyle of their own lives and how disabled people live. Contributions like these allow the wider community understand the perspectives of disabled people and how they go about life. Another contribution that is positive on the community is it the disability within the community improve the technology and medication in the general community. Other ways that disabled people contribute to a positive community is that it shows people how to accept them for who they are and not for what is wrong with them or how they look. Extent to which community service groups assist in meeting the need of the disabled Here are some examples which propose modifications in the social community which aims to facilitate the satisfaction of the disabled community’s needs: * On the central coast they have bowling nights for the disabled. This allows the wider community and groups to get together and have some fun and met other people who also have disabilities. This can create supportive environments for the disabled as they can feel that they are not the only one and they can discuss their disabilities with one another. * Services such as personal care and cleaning services for those who are not mobile and cannot do it themselves, This helps the disabled feel like they do not have to worry about the harder basic needs that they find difficult. * Internet allows people to shop at home. This service is provided for those who cannot get around on their own. Order and pay online and your shopping items are delivered to your door. * Services such as online universities or libraries which gives the opportunity for the non- mobile but they can sit at home and do their uni or read a book without leaving their homes. * Some universities provide for disabled people by providing cart and wheelchairs to get around the campuses. Management strategies to address equity issues faced by the group * As a community the disabled feel they are treated unfairly and are treated differently due to the difference and inability to follow day to day norms. By resolving this they must unjust the treatment management strategies must be make to address these issues faced by the disabled. * The Society have come up with labels for the disabled such as handicap, cripple, retarred which refers to ‘their type’. Often they are used as insults. The general public have changed their perception on disability but still there are some narrow minded people who don’t pay attention to the needs of the disabled community. A way of resolving this is by creating an event such as the Pink Ribbon Day and other things such as Daffodil Day, which try to celebrate and sponsor the disabled community and try to create spread awareness of their issues and try to make people become open minded to their problems. * In the health services, people with disabilities are discriminated against as they are generally on a much lower income, due to this they are unable to afford private health care/ private health insurance and are usually put on waiting lists for problems they may have. If a disabled person is in need of medication and are unable to afford it this could cause them to have a poorer wellbeing. To assist them the government should reduce the cost of private health cover and reduce the of mediation to allow the disabled people to have easier access to them * Some disabled people are physically disabled and therefore need to modify their house. This can be extremely expensive and if the disabled people are not working have to rely on pensions or funding from the government. They may need to modify the houses to be more accessible at they may be wheelchair bound. As disabled people are not as capable to do all the house work and daily jobs they can hire someone to help them. The government should make more services available to the disabled who struggle to leave their homes and they should also reduce the funding to modify housing costs. Bibliography * Legislation. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT 1992.† DISABILITY DISCRIMINATION ACT 1992. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"Disability Support Pension.† Disability Support Pension. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"Disability and Community Care.† Department of Communities (Queensland Government). N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"Disabilities.† Disabilities. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"Australia.gov.au.† People with Disabilities -. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. http://australia.gov.au/people/people-with-disabilities * â€Å"International Day of People with Disability.† International Day of People with Disability. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"Thank You ForYour Support.† Daffodil Day. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. . * â€Å"Have a Girls’ Night In,to Help the Girls out.† I Heart Pink. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Nov. 2012. .

How to Use German Adjectives to Describe Things

To speak German, you have to know your adjectives. As a reminder, these are the descriptive words used to describe a person, place or thing. In this case, lets look at adjectives commonly used to describe people, both physically and behaviourally. We have grouped adjectives by nouns that theyre commonly associated with, but of course, these descriptive words may be used to describe many different things, not just the body part listed. Also, the adjectives are given in neuter form, so make sure to appropriately declinate adjectives according to the noun gender they describe.   Tip: If you are studying German on your own, a quick and simple way to practice the vocabulary would be to pick a picture of someone in a newspaper, magazine or website and describe them. German Worlds to Describe Physical Appearance Der Kà ¶rper (body): schlank (skinny) - dà ¼nn (thin) - hager (gaunt) - groß (big) - riesig (gigantic, really tall) - dick (fat) - stark, krà ¤ftig (strong) - schwach, schwà ¤chlich (weak) - braun (tanned) - gebà ¼ckt (stooped). Das Gesicht (face): lang (long) - rund (round) - oval (oval) - breit (broad), Pickel im Gesicht (pimples on the face) - mit Falten, faltiges Gesicht (with wrinkles, a wrinkly face) - pausbà ¤ckig (chubby-cheeked) - bleich, blass (pale) - ein rotes Gesicht (a red face) - kantig (angular) Die Augen (eyes): tiefliegende Augen (deep-set eyes) - strahlend (bright, brilliant), dunkel (dark, hazel) - mandelfà ¶rmig (almond-shaped eyes), geschwollen (puffy), mà ¼de (tired), klar (clear), funkelnd (twinkling) - wulstig (bulging) Die Augenbrauen (eyebrows): dicht (thick), voll (full), schà ¶n geformte (nicely-shaped), dà ¼nn (sparse), geschwungen (slightly curved) Die Nase (nose): krumm (crooked) - spitz (pointy) - gerade (straight) – stumpf (turned-up) – flach (flat) Der Mund (mouth): là ¤chelnd (smiling) - die Stirn runzeln (to frown) - eine Schnute ziehen/einen Schmollmund machen ( to pout) - eckig (square) - offen (open) - weit aufgesperrt (gaping) - Mundgeruch haben (to have bad breath) Die Haare (hair): lockig (curly) – kraus (tightly-curled) – kurz (short) – glà ¤nzend (shiny) – glatt (straight) - glatzkà ¶pfig (bald) - schmutzig (dirty) - fettig (greasy) - einen Pferdeschwanz tragen (in a ponytail) - einen Knoten tragen ( in a bun) – gewellt (wavy) - voluminà ¶s (voluminous). See also colors. Die Ohren (ears): herausstehende Ohren (ears that stick out) – Elfenohren (elf ears) - die Schwerhà ¶rigkeit (hard of hearing) – taub (deaf) – Ohrringe tragen (wearing earrings) - Hà ¶rgerà ¤t tragen (wear a hearing-aid) Die Kleidung (clothes):   modisch (fashionable) - là ¤ssig (casual) - sportlich (athletic) - beruflich  (professional) -  unschà ¶n (not fashionable) - altmodisch (dated) More clothes-related nouns that can help describe details: die Hose (pants) - das Hemd (shirt) - das T-shirt ( t-shirt) - der Pullover (sweater) - die Schuhe (shoes) - die Sandalen (sandals) - die Spitzschuhe (high heels) - die Stiefeln (boots) - der Mantel (coat) - die Jacke (jacket) - der Hut (hat) - der Anzug (a suit). See more on clothes and fashion. Other: manikà ¼rte Nà ¤gel (manicured nails) - das Muttermal (birthmark) - schmale Lippen (thin lips) – Plattfà ¼ÃƒÅ¸e (flat-feet) German Words To Describe a Person Eigenschaften (personality): Erregt (excited) - redselig (talkative) – schlechtgelaunt (bad-tempered) – jà ¤hzornig (violent-tempered) - spaßig (amusing) - zufrieden (happy; satisfied) - freundlich (friendly) - tapfer (courageous) – gemein (mean) – sanft (gentle) – großzà ¼gig (generous) – ungeduldig (impatient) – geduldig (patient) - faul (lazy) – hard-working (fleißig) – nervà ¶s (nervous) - ernst (serious) - schà ¼chtern (shy) - schlau (clever) - klug (smart) - religià ¶s (religious) – dickkà ¶pfig (stubborn) - traurig (sad) – depremiert (depressed) - komish (funny, weird) - seltsam, merkwà ¼rdig (strange) - gierig (greedy) – gerissen (sly) – barmherzig (compassionate) - fleißig (hard-working) – witzig (witty, funny) - jemand der sich immer beklagt (complainer) – eitel (vain) – sportlich (athletic) Descriptive Verbs Hobbys:  lesen (reading) – tanzen (dancing) – schreiben (reading) - Sport treiben (to play sports), singen (singing) – basteln (to do crafts) – photographieren (to take photos) – reisen (to travel) Holzbearbeitung machen (woodworking) – backen (to bake) – kochen (to cook) – malen (to paint, color) – zeichnen (to draw) – camping (Campen gehen) – einkaufen (shopping) Other Descriptive Nouns Die Familie (family): die Eltern (parents) - die Mutter (mother) - der Vater (father) - der Sohn (son) - die Tochter (daughter) - die Schwester (sister) - der Bruder (brother). See Family Glossary for more. Describe Yourself in German Here is a sample description of how it might sound to describe yourself in German. An English translation is below. Hallo. Ich heiße Hilde und komme aus Deutschland. Ich bin in Essen geboren, aber lebe seit vierzehn Jahren in Stuttgart. Zur Zeit studiere ich Maschinenbau an der Università ¤t. Ich mag reisen, lesen und tanzen. Meine Freunde nennen mich „Schwatzliese,â€Å" weil ich immer so redselig bin – auch wà ¤hrend den Unterricht! Ich habe dunkle, krause Haare, haselnussbraune Augen und ziehe à ¶fters eine Schnute wenn ich beleidigt bin. Ich bin sehr fleißig zum Studieren aber zu faul um meine Wohnung aufzurà ¤umen. Ich trage lieber Jeans und Rennschuhe, als Rà ¶cke und Spitzschuhen. English Translation: Hello. My name is Hilde and I am from Germany. I was born in Essen, but have lived for fourteen years in Stuttgart. Currently, I am studying mechanical engineering at the university. I like to travel, read and dance. My friends call me a chatterbox because I’m always talking so much – even during class! I have dark, curly hair, hazel eyes and can pout really well when I am offended. I am very studious, but very lazy when it comes to cleaning up my apartment. I rather wear jeans and running shoes than skirts and high heels.